The major change in medical thinking was from Aristotelian (everything follows logic) to evidentiary (do something because it works, not because it logically follows from a few precepts).

This change must have been difficult to swallow before evolution became accepted. If you think your god created everything — and everything non-biological follows rules that can be deduced (e.g. physics) — why shouldn’t people (created by that same god) work the same way? Logic and deduction is how we got the theory of the four humors. Understanding that we’re a mid point in a vast number of ‘just make it work for this environment’ adaptations opens us to not expecting much of anything biological to follow logic.

The best example I can think of is an office’s network wiring: new tenants come in, the office gets rewired. The wires that go where the new tenant needs get re-used in-place, the rest get left (also in-place), new wires go on top of the old. In some places it’s amazing that the drop ceilings don’t collapse from the weight of wiring. BTW/FWIW, I got this notion from Neil Shubin’s Your Inner Fish. Easy read / highly recommended.

Anyway, that’s us — and the rest of the plant and animal kingdoms, New wires go in where they’re needed, the old ones stay. Stuff builds up. We have signaling molecules in common with bacteria.

All that said, the inner workings of cellular biology are rooted in physics (and so logic). This was first posited by Schrodinger, but IMO is best summed up by another quantum physicist, Richard Feinman:

I am, as I said, inspired by the biological phenomena in which chemical forces are used in repetitious fashion to produce all kinds of weird effects (one of which is the author).