>>pregnancy hormones might interfere with insulin signaling

I've seen a couple of studies indicating that it's the placental hormones - makes sense in an evolutionary context of the male genetics trying to get as successful an offspring as possible, and the female struggling not to have her health destroyed and so limiting her chances at more offspring after this one.

That said, going on Gerald Shulman's work in insulin resistance - once experimentally induced (off topic here), IR is reversable with exercise as it independently triggers the cascade that would normally start with insulin at the cell wall and end up with glucose transporters poked through the cell wall - and I think we might find some potential therapies as one or more 'exerkines'.

Exercise is particularly difficult for someone suffering diabetes (I used to struggle with getting my dad, who was diagnosed in his 80s to exercise.) Makes sense if you remember that IR means almost no glycogen, little glucose to produce ATP in muscle cells. Wish I'd known about ketones at the time...

Also, I’d take a high fasting glucose to be more a glucagon (alpha cells) issue than insulin — but I’m very far from being a diabetologist.