Military thinkers have been aware of the vulnerability of carriers since pretty much forever. They don’t travel alone but in a 'carrier group', keep AWACS (carrier based E2 Grummans) in the air to see far over the horizon. The vulnerability is more to ballistic missiles than cruise, although if there was a hyperersonic cruise missile that could maneuver / evade at those speeds (the Russian one demonstrably cannot - evidenced by Patriots downing them) those would be an issue as well.