>>...as T-cells can recognize fragments from multiple proteins of the virus rather than just the spike protein, it is unlikely that Omicrons can slip past the T-cell immunity easily.

I've been puzzling over this.

T-cells recognize peptides held up from the cell membranes on filaments and there's no telling what part the infected cell is going to present. With convalescent immunity, I'd expect many parts of the virus - not just the spike - to have been presented by cell membranes, and so T-cell resistance to variance in the spike.

But here's my puzzle: with mRNA vaccines, what other parts of the virus are the T-cells trained on? As I understand it, those vaccines instruct the cells to make something a lot like a spike protein that then protrudes from the cell membrane (antibodies) and is offered on filaments (T-cells). Other parts of the virus (e.g. the envelope) are not assembled, so there shouldn’t be good T-cell immunity across variation in the spike proteins. But there appears to be. What am I missing here.

Not a bio guy, just trying to catch up here…